{"id":15778,"date":"2023-01-25T14:38:29","date_gmt":"2023-01-25T19:38:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpha-technologies.com\/?p=15778"},"modified":"2023-04-05T11:35:11","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T15:35:11","slug":"low-temperature-testing-for-seals-using-rubber-compounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/blog\/low-temperature-testing-for-seals-using-rubber-compounds\/","title":{"rendered":"Low Temperature Testing for Seals Using Rubber Compounds"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15778\" class=\"elementor elementor-15778\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-681d5054 ot-traditional elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"681d5054\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16bfe135 ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"16bfe135\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f8ef5b elementor-section-full_width ot-traditional elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f8ef5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e8692f ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"2e8692f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53794bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"53794bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alpha-Engineer-with-arms-crossed-near-Premier-RPA-dilip800-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-14162\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alpha-Engineer-with-arms-crossed-near-Premier-RPA-dilip800-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alpha-Engineer-with-arms-crossed-near-Premier-RPA-dilip800-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alpha-Engineer-with-arms-crossed-near-Premier-RPA-dilip800-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alpha-Engineer-with-arms-crossed-near-Premier-RPA-dilip800-720x721.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Alpha-Engineer-with-arms-crossed-near-Premier-RPA-dilip800.jpg 799w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-50af64b ot-column-items-center ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"50af64b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c0778e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c0778e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dilip Dhupia<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7affb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7affb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Applications Engineer, India<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dbac0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8dbac0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb45540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb45540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When seals lose their flexibility and ability to respond to a reaction force at low temperature, the change is physical. Thus, the compound must be formulated for optimum performance of the final product, while ensuring the correct V\/E Ratio is maintained. Seals are used in many critical applications including (but not limited to): Aerospace; Oil &amp; Gas; Food &amp; Dairy; Automobile; Pharmaceutical \/ medical; and Petrochemical.<\/p><p>The following test methods can be used to assess the suitability of a compound in low temperature applications. We break these out into more detail throughout the rest of this blog post.<\/p><ul><li>Brittleness test: ASTM D2137; ISO 812<\/li><li>Low Temperature retraction test: ASTM D1329; ISO 2921<\/li><li>Low temperature stiffening test: ASTM D1053; ISO 1432<\/li><li>Low temperature compression set: ASTM\u00a0D1229; ISO 815-2<\/li><li>Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: ASTM D5992; ISO 4664-1<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dff023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0dff023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07d496c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07d496c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Brittleness Test<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e3966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b0e3966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafb7f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dafb7f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">ASTM D2137 and ISO 812<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7512de9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7512de9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c7015e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7c7015e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"309\" height=\"112\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Brittleness-point-standard-figure-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15802\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Brittleness-point-standard-figure-1.jpg 309w, https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Brittleness-point-standard-figure-1-300x109.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 309px) 100vw, 309px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Brittleness test<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc54fb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cc54fb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08c529a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08c529a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This test uses a hammer of a specific mass, moving at a specified speed toward five cured rubber samples held by a grip. The samples and the grip are cooled to a specified low temperature. The hammer strikes the samples at the specified speed and continues moving past. The temperature at which fracture occurs in three of the five samples is said to be the brittle point of the rubber compound.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e4b5f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9e4b5f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c66f26f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c66f26f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Low Temperature Retraction Test<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f28fae elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8f28fae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d919e95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d919e95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">ASTM D1329; ISO 2921<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53cc383 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"53cc383\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-195cdcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"195cdcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This test is conducted in the sequence as:<\/p><ol><li>Elongating the specimen<\/li><li>Locking it in the elongated condition<\/li><li>Freezing it to a state of reduced elasticity<\/li><li>Releasing the frozen specimen and allowing it to retract freely while raising the temperature at a uniform rate<\/li><li>Measuring the length of the specimen at regular temperature intervals while it is retracting, and (\u201cASTM D1329 Specimen Cutting Dies &#8211; CCSi\u201d)<\/li><li>Computing the percentage retraction at these temperatures from the data obtained.<\/li><\/ol><p>The temperatures corresponding to 10% and 70% retraction are designated as TR10 and TR70, respectively. The difference between the temperature TR10 and TR70 increases as the tendency to crystallize increases. TR70 correlates with low-temperature compression set. TR10 has been found to correlate with brittle point in vulcanizates based on polymers of similar type. (\u201cASTM International &#8211; Sign In\u201d) In general, the retraction rate is believed to correlate with low-temperature flexibility of both crystallizable and non-crystallizable rubbers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06ea022 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"06ea022\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9318e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c9318e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Low Temperature Stiffening Test<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-514dd5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"514dd5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a026623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a026623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">ASTM D1053 and ISO 1432<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-529d06e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"529d06e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-678eee7 ot-traditional elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"678eee7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-77c161d ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"77c161d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e3281f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e3281f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"219\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Figure-2.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15809\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Figure-2.png 219w, https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Figure-2-190x300.png 190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: Low Temperature Stiffening test<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9fb22a ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"c9fb22a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34cba04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34cba04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The test method is employed to determine the subnormal temperature stiffening of flexible polymers or fabrics coated with flexible polymers. Temperatures at which the low temperature modulus is a specified multiple or ratio of the modulus at room temperature are interpolated from the twist versus temperature curve. These specified ratios of low temperature modulus to room-temperature modulus are called relative moduli. (\u201cStandard Test Methods for Rubber Property\u2014Stiffening at Low &#8230;\u201d) These temperatures at the relative moduli encompass the transition region between the glassy and rubbery states of the material under testing. (\u201cStandard Test Methods for Rubber Property\u2014Stiffening at Low &#8230;\u201d)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea6f8b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ea6f8b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaf8fd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aaf8fd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dynamic Mechanical Analysis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-877e6bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"877e6bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11b84a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11b84a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">ASTM D5992 and ISO 4664-1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87f6509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"87f6509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecd93e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecd93e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>DMA stands for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. &#8220;ASTM D5992 describes tests for determining glass transition temperature via DMRT and tan delta data.&#8221; (\u201cLOW TEMPERATURE TESTING OF ELASTOMERS\u201d) A frequency of oscillation is chosen, and the temperature is ramped up from a temperature well below Tg. (i.e., the test uses temperature sweeps at a given frequency). The point at which tan delta reaches a maximum is said to be the material\u2019s glass transition temperature. Once again, time and temperature are directly coupled via a specified heating rate, and again time and temperature effects are indistinguishable. ASTM D5992 also describes a method of determining Tg using results for E\u2019\u2019, or loss modulus.<\/p><p>At low temperature physical changes dominate over chemical changes in rubber seal. At low temperature sufficient flexibility of seal is desired to overcome initial drag for the elastomer to adjust its shape to maintain the seal lip to provide sealing action. Whist cold and inflexible seam may result in damage to seal lip and in turn sealing action is lost. Premier RPA + SZ is an effective DMA in torsional shear mode to provide data on V\/E ratio and low temperature flexibility of seal rubber compound. The instrument is designed to measure the mixed rubber compound processability, cure properties and cured dynamic properties in a one test definition. It reduces the cycle time by approx. 35%.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed2d86b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ed2d86b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87d2b48 ot-traditional elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"87d2b48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ff2cb ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"e8ff2cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a09896b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-bottom ot-traditional elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a09896b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ef113a ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"9ef113a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3f4d24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3f4d24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related Links<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edb78c3 elementor-grid-eael-col-3 elementor-grid-tablet-eael-col-2 elementor-grid-mobile-eael-col-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-post-grid\" data-id=\"edb78c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;eael_post_grid_columns&quot;:&quot;eael-col-3&quot;,&quot;eael_post_grid_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;eael-col-2&quot;,&quot;eael_post_grid_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;eael-col-1&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"eael-post-grid.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"eael-post-grid-edb78c3\" class=\"eael-post-grid-container\">\n            <div class=\"eael-post-grid eael-post-appender eael-post-appender-edb78c3 eael-post-grid-style-two\" data-layout-mode=\"masonry\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post  eael-post-grid-column eael-pg-post-19403 category-esr-premier\" data-id=\"19403\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/esr-premier\/one-test-real-process-simulation\/\" title=\"One Test, Real Process Simulation\">One Test, Real Process Simulation<\/a><\/h2><\/header><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n                                <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><p>Author Peih-Shyun Wu Market Development Manager When Lab Results Finally...<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/esr-premier\/one-test-real-process-simulation\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n                            <\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-header-after style-two\"><div class=\"eael-entry-meta\"><span class=\"eael-meta-posted-on\"><i class=\"far fa-clock\"><\/i><time datetime=\"2025\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5\">2025\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5<\/time><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article><article class=\"eael-grid-post  eael-post-grid-column eael-pg-post-18142 category-offers-blog tags-esr-premier-esr-thermoset\" data-id=\"18142\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/blog\/webinar-the-future-of-thermoset-testing\/\" title=\"Webinar: The Future of Thermoset Testing\">Webinar: The Future of Thermoset Testing<\/a><\/h2><\/header><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n                                <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><p>The Future of Thermoset Testing: A Look at the Latest...<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/blog\/webinar-the-future-of-thermoset-testing\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n                            <\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-header-after style-two\"><div class=\"eael-entry-meta\"><span class=\"eael-meta-posted-on\"><i class=\"far fa-clock\"><\/i><time datetime=\"2023\u5e7411\u670813\u65e5\">2023\u5e7411\u670813\u65e5<\/time><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article><article class=\"eael-grid-post  eael-post-grid-column eael-pg-post-18114 category-offers-blog tags-premier-rpa-rpa\" data-id=\"18114\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/blog\/appnote-predicting-low-temperature-compression-sets\/\" title=\"App Note: Predicting Low Temperature Compression Sets\">App Note: Predicting Low Temperature Compression Sets<\/a><\/h2><\/header><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n                                <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><p>Predicting Low Temperature Compression Set with a Rubber Process Analyzer...<\/p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/blog\/appnote-predicting-low-temperature-compression-sets\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n                            <\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-header-after style-two\"><div class=\"eael-entry-meta\"><span class=\"eael-meta-posted-on\"><i class=\"far fa-clock\"><\/i><time datetime=\"2023\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5\">2023\u5e7410\u670827\u65e5<\/time><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/article><\/div>\n            <div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>            <div class=\"eael-load-more-button-wrap eael-force-hide\">\n                <button class=\"eael-load-more-button\" id=\"eael-load-more-btn-edb78c3\" data-widget-id=\"edb78c3\" data-widget=\"edb78c3\" data-page-id=\"15778\" data-template=\"{&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;lite&quot;,&quot;file_name&quot;:&quot;two.php&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Post-Grid&quot;}\" data-class=\"Essential_Addons_Elementor\\Elements\\Post_Grid\" data-layout=\"masonry\" data-page=\"1\" data-args=\"orderby=date&amp;order=desc&amp;ignore_sticky_posts=1&amp;post_status=publish&amp;posts_per_page=3&amp;offset=0&amp;post_type=post\" data-max-page=\"12\">\n                    <span class=\"eael-btn-loader button__loader\"><\/span>\n                    <span class=\"eael_load_more_text\">Load More<\/span>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec5f2d4 ot-traditional elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec5f2d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-da3b6bc ot-flex-column-vertical\" data-id=\"da3b6bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7544b05 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7544b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/blog\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">More Thought Leadership<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"excerpt-author\">Author Alpha Technologies<\/span> Rubber\u2019s ability to withstand very large strains without permanent deformation or fracture makes it ideal for many applications including vibration [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15822,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[173,21],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-15778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-rubber-process-analyzer","tag-rpa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15778"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15829,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15778\/revisions\/15829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15778"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alphatechnologies.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=15778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}